The impact on Life Expectancy Essay Example for Free

The impact on Life Expectancy Essay AIDS has also caused the life expectancy rate to fall by 5 years since the start in 1900s. In Swaziland life expectancy has fallen to 33 which would have been 66 if there was no AIDS. Life expectancy also affects child mortality as there are many children who are born with the infection. Adults between the age group of 20 and 49 years are the worst affected. This group is about 60% of the sub-Saharan population which has increased from 20% between 1985 and 1900. This affects the prime working years of an adults life. This also removes the very people who could be responding to treatments and healthcare. The Economic Impact AIDS has affected the human development by impacting laborers, households and companies. It therefore damages the economy and the country finds it difficult to handle the epidemic. HIV and AIDS reduces the labour supply and increases mortality and illnesses. The government income also falls, tax revenues are cut and they are forced to spend more on dealing with the spread of the economy. The epidemic affects diversification of industries, exports and foreign investments which is very important for a country’s progress. Most of the countries struggle to meet their economic measures because they are still struggling with the epidemic as their GDP is affected which builds over a period of time. The ARV coverage of the drug needs to expand and reach more people than the economic growth rate will not reduce that fast. The Future impact of HIV/AIDS In future the aids epidemic will continue to expand because work in progress has not been able to sufficiently arrest the spread of the crisis. Domestic as well as international agencies are doing their best to extend healthcare and treatment to the millions affected with aids worldwide. Many people affected with AIDS are still not receiving the necessary treatments and campaigns have been unsuccessful in preventing new infections. The progress of the general development of infrastructure largely depends on problems such as poverty and poor public health. The main barrier to Africa’s progress and development is the impact of AIDS on all areas of functionality as discussed before. Africa can look forward to the future only if they can prevent and treat the HIV AIDS epidemic effectively and also care for the people affected by it. Science and Research According to UNAIDS Following are some of the steps in research that is being undertaken to prevent the spread of the HIV AIDS epidemic. The area of biomedical research makes use of humans to test drugs, vaccines and techniques that can be used to cure the epidemic. There are many ethical issues that is attached to it as complexities and advances in the research takes place. The 1964, Declaration of Helsinki sets out ethical guidelines and code of conduct for the research involved such as the use of animals for testing. The use of female condom, help prevent unwanted pregnancies, sexually transmitted diseases including the spread of HIV. These cheaper brands available have the capacity to be accepted and utilized worldwide. Male circumcision also helps in reducing the spread of sexually transmitted diseases from men to women if it is implemented in the safe way where there is consent. Research also involves the development of microbicide which is a gel or cream which can be applied to the vagina giving women greater control when men don’t want to use condoms. These microbicides will help prevent unwanted pregnancies as well will prevent the spread of the HIV. The other area of research is the use of vaccines. However there are many laboratories and companies involved in its development and are working towards making a breakthrough in the field. Conclusion The impact of the HIV AIDS epidemic is not only restricted to sub-Saharan and African countries but it is an international crisis. The international community along with research companies needs to get more involved in preventing the spread of the epidemic as well as the rehabilitation of the patients that are affected. We need to work more aggressively to arrest the disaster that is waiting to spread across the globe. Works Cited AVERT. ORG. Impact of HIV AIDS on Africa. Viewed on 12 February 2008 and https://www.avert.org/global-hiv-and-aids-statistics

The Apathy Of Generation X :: essays research papers

For the past 25 years it has been wondered why the young people of America have shared the same apathetic attitude towards politics as the older generation of Americans. Indeed, the issues concerning young voters are just as important as those concerning older voters. Why the newest voters choose to abstain their right has long been studied. While it has been proven that the vote of young people can make or a break an election, most candidates are reluctant to relate themselves to young people. When that Tuesday in November comes, young people choose not be heard, assuring themselves future neglect by the part of elected officials. There are reasons that young people do not vote, or get involved in political actions. They range from apathy to just plain not having enough time. One of the larger reasons is that most candidates are much older then those 18-25. This would put the generation gap in between candidates and the youthful voters. A 19 year old Trinity College student remarks about Bob Dole, I think he is making himself look older by speaking about certain issues we (young people) can not relate to. When asked to give an example the student stated, "he made a reference to World War I, I thought he was going to say he fought in that one too!" (www.mtv.com/chooseorlose). While Bob Dole is a isolated instance, many youthful voters feel that there is a ever growing distance between them and the older generations. Another reason that young people are turning away is lack of education towards politics. While this could be said for any age group, it seems to be more prevalent in younger people. The lifestyle of younger people does not allow for a everyday exposure to politics as those of a older generation. Thomas Banks, a 19 year old student, when asked why he was not watching the 1992 Presidential Debates responded, "I guess because I don't really see what's going on at college. I feel pretty isolated. It doesn't seem as important to me as studying. I guess". Although not in a career yet, the life of a student is proving to be just as busy as those in the older generations. People in the full time labor are not the only ones who can use a hassle-full life as an excuse not to get involved. There is another major reason that young people feel isolated and set apart from the political world. For those who take the time to educate themselves, and to participate in what activities they can; they soon find that the major candidates have paid little, if any attention to the issues that The Apathy Of Generation X :: essays research papers For the past 25 years it has been wondered why the young people of America have shared the same apathetic attitude towards politics as the older generation of Americans. Indeed, the issues concerning young voters are just as important as those concerning older voters. Why the newest voters choose to abstain their right has long been studied. While it has been proven that the vote of young people can make or a break an election, most candidates are reluctant to relate themselves to young people. When that Tuesday in November comes, young people choose not be heard, assuring themselves future neglect by the part of elected officials. There are reasons that young people do not vote, or get involved in political actions. They range from apathy to just plain not having enough time. One of the larger reasons is that most candidates are much older then those 18-25. This would put the generation gap in between candidates and the youthful voters. A 19 year old Trinity College student remarks about Bob Dole, I think he is making himself look older by speaking about certain issues we (young people) can not relate to. When asked to give an example the student stated, "he made a reference to World War I, I thought he was going to say he fought in that one too!" (www.mtv.com/chooseorlose). While Bob Dole is a isolated instance, many youthful voters feel that there is a ever growing distance between them and the older generations. Another reason that young people are turning away is lack of education towards politics. While this could be said for any age group, it seems to be more prevalent in younger people. The lifestyle of younger people does not allow for a everyday exposure to politics as those of a older generation. Thomas Banks, a 19 year old student, when asked why he was not watching the 1992 Presidential Debates responded, "I guess because I don't really see what's going on at college. I feel pretty isolated. It doesn't seem as important to me as studying. I guess". Although not in a career yet, the life of a student is proving to be just as busy as those in the older generations. People in the full time labor are not the only ones who can use a hassle-full life as an excuse not to get involved. There is another major reason that young people feel isolated and set apart from the political world. For those who take the time to educate themselves, and to participate in what activities they can; they soon find that the major candidates have paid little, if any attention to the issues that

Up from Slavery: the Struggles and Triomphs

UP FROM SLAVERY: THE STRUGGLES AND TRIOMPHS OF BOOKER T. WASHINGTON IN A DIVIDED AMERICA Even though slavery has been abolished in the United States for decades now, the stories from the people who lived in the period when slavery was still practiced and experienced the period after the abolishment, are still alive today. The experiences Booker T. Washington tells about in Up From Slavery range from haunting to inspirational, and give a clear view on the South of the US post-Civil War from the eyes of a black man. Even though Booker T.Washington endured horrible circumstances during slavery, Washington sets an example for black people of the perseverance to succeed in the US and to overcome all obstacles. The autobiographical story in Up From Slavery starts with introducing Washington’s life on the plantation where he worked. As he phrases it himself: â€Å"[his] life had its beginnings in the midst of the most miserable, desolate, and discouraging surroundings† (Washin gton 870). These surroundings, combined with devastatingly hard labor, created an environment with no apparent end in sight, and no hope of changing the situation.This helplessness is expressed by Washington, as he sees other boys and girls his age going to school. Due to the situation in the US at the time, there were no chances at all of Washington getting into school, or as he calls it: â€Å"paradise† (Washington 872). When this no-escape-possible situation ends –when slavery is abolished– and Washington hears about a school for black people, he immediately is determined to go to the school. His persistence is recognized by the school board and he gets accepted in the school, which leads to Washington excelling in school.When he began delivering his first speeches years later, he developed himself as a leading figure, who was fighting to help black people and other minorities to grow out of the place they have been kept in for years, and advance themselves. For black people, often in circumstances not dealt with by whites, having Washington as an example as someone who defeated his personal enemies by escaping his situation, was of grave importance. To actually see someone who has climbed to the top, coming from horrible circumstances, could inspire a next generation to work as hard as Washington did.To let other black people get to the place Washington is, he not only talks about education, he also talks about always being friendly to white people. During a speech at the Atlanta Exposition in 1895, Washington talks about significance of finding allies: To those of my race who depend on bettering their condition in a foreign land or who underestimate the importance of cultivating friendly relations with the Southern white man, who is their next-door neighbor, I would say: â€Å"Cast down your bucket where you are†Ã¢â‚¬â€œcast it down in making friends in every manly way of the people of all races by whom we are surrounded. Washi ngton 888) By sending this message to people of every color and casting down ones bucket, Washington said that a society where black people could work themselves to the same level as whites could be created. This approach to overcoming the racial issues between black and whites did lead to criticism, with them saying that Washington was keeping discrimination in place by not addressing it fully. Especially W. E. B.Du Bois was critical of Washington’s ideas, stating that â€Å"[Washington’s] program asked blacks to give up political power, insistence on civil rights, and higher education for Negro youth† (Gibson). And while Washington did play down some issues, one must not forget the time Washington was living in, and that his speeches even without those issues more assertive leaders like Du Bois were rooting for, were controversial to many Southern white people. Booker T. Washington pushed aside the force of the Southern whites wanting to hold black people back and overcame his obstacles.Coming from an enslaved and poor position, educating and working himself up to a high position, Washington was and still is an inspiration to all people, but especially for those who are in the position he was in. He gave hope to the people that needed it most, and his words still continue to do so. WORKS CITED Gibson, Robert A. Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. Du Bois: The Problem of Negro Leadership. Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute. Web. 17 Oct. 2012. http://www. yale. edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1978/2/78. 02. 02. x. html Washington, Booker T. Up From Slavery. New York: Doubleday, 1901.

Income Inequality Among Developing Countries Essay

Income Inequality Among Developing Countries and Their Relations To The Affluent World On September 25th of 2015, the United Nations adopted a comprehensive initiative to combat a wide variety of global health issues that currently plague humanity. The initiative, entitled â€Å"UN Sustainable Development Goals† includes a list of seventeen goals to be achieved over the next fifteen years and encompasses measures to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure prosperity for all. This paper intends to provide an in-depth analysis of the tenth UN Sustainable Development Goal: Reducing income inequalities. Income inequality is a problematic reality of the modern era that slows economic growth, generates political instability, causes health problems and creates severe social inequalities among children. As part of this analysis, determinants of this global issue will be discussed as well as its correlation with globalization. Lastly, suggestions will be provided to the global community with regards to possible solutions to income inequality, as well as a discussion about the potential roles and responsibilities for Canadians in response to the issue. Although many milestones have been reached on the road to eradicate mass poverty, a large disparity still exists, otherwise known as income inequality. The issue currently pertains to the rich and poor. It is illustrated among a macroeconomic level (between countries), as well as a microeconomic level (within countries). TheShow MoreRelatedGlobal Economic Problems1111 Words   |  5 Pagesensure environmental sustainability 8. To develop a global partnership for development. (United Nations 2010, Murphy, 2017, p.2) As of the 2015, while the attainment of the goals remain dubious and doubtful much progress has been made by very few countries, while others are still straggling as empty promises of a better tomorrow (Bartlett, 2017, p.1). Some nations are making enormous progress to lift their citizens from the hollows of poverty. Consequently, billions of people are no longer livingRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On The Social Consciousness Of The Late 20th Century Essay1667 Words   |  7 Pagesassumption has always been that with globalization, developing nations have the opportunity to catch up and be equal to or with developed nations. Hence, as The Economist.com (2014) continues to assert, when developed countries enter global markets, economic inequality is significantly diminished. However, according to Hogan (2012), the ability of developing nations to compete with developed ones is severely reduced in a globalized market due to inequality of skills. Pologeorgis (2010) also mentions thatRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Spiritual Perspectives On Globalization 906 Words   |  4 Pagesthe homogenization of culture by the countries that undermine others and individual level, which features the consumerism an d boost of consumer values (Rifkin). Still, globalization may reduce or increase inequality by many impacts. For many people, inequality is the process by which unfair disparity is shown to vulnerable and invulnerable groups. Specifically, globalization can impact inequality in some developing countries on the areas of regional inequality, gender wage gap and free trade. OneRead MoreGlobalization And Its Effect On Society1240 Words   |  5 Pagesand how it strengthens or weakens global inequalities Globalization is a very important force in the new world and it continues to impact the lives of individuals as well as groups world over. The role and affect of globalization has broadened over time. It has resulted in the lessening of trade barriers, integration of the economy of the world, increase in opportunities for groups and individuals alike and an increase in the economic well being and income levels of individuals and groups. HoweverRead MoreEffects Of Income Inequality1038 Words   |  5 PagesEquality is one of the biggest concerns in most societies. Independent of philosophy, culture, or religion, the society always care about this growing issue. Inequalities are shown in diverse ways by people’s position in the distribution of wealth or income but could also be related to other characteristics like having a disability, different ethnicity or background or gender. In the 2005 World Development Report elaborated by the World Bank, it is stated: â€Å"We now have considerable evidence thatRead MoreWhy Does Income Inequality Exists?1442 Words   |  6 Pages- - - â€Å"WHY DOES INCOME INEQUALITY EXIST?† Submitted to: - Submitted by: - - - - 4. Why does income inequality exist? Income inequality, also known as economic inequality or wealth and income differences typically refers to inequality among individuals and society, but it can also refer to disparity among countries. There are many reasons for this phenomenon to happen within the societies, most of them are often inter-related. However, we could say that the most importantRead MoreGlobalization Is Not A New Concept1465 Words   |  6 Pagesa new concept. After world war II powerful countries tried to capture free market of developed and underdeveloped countries. That’s how that globalization starts. David Bigman says in his book called â€Å"Globalization and the Least Developed Countries: Potentials and Pitfalls† that Globalization has become one of the most emotional word like communism or capitalism. In some simple language the impact or importance of globalization on poverty and inequality can be explained in many ways. As GlobalizationRead MoreGlobalization758 Words   |  4 Pa gesbetween countries. In economy each nation sets policy to manage its resources to maximize the benefits of trade for its people. Government makes policy not only concerning trade with other but also the degree to which the state is involved. Government try to optimize it’s production level and try to increase GDP with maximum utilization of available resources. In other hand when trade increases between nations, the allocation of resources will redistribute among goods and pricing where countries canRead MoreWhy Does Income Inequality Exists?1427 Words   |  6 Pages- - - â€Å"WHY DOES INCOME INEQUALITY EXIST?† Submitted to: - Submitted by: - - - - 4. Why does income inequality exist? Income inequality, also known as economic inequality or wealth and income differences typically refers to inequality among individuals and society, but it can also refer to disparity among countries. There are many reasons for this phenomenon to happen within the societies, most of them are often inter-related. However, we could say that the most important factor that causesRead MoreEducation Inequality In Education967 Words   |  4 PagesInequality in education is a current global issue and is closely related to economic inequality, which is rising within many nations. In 1948, countries signed the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which promoted the idea that education is a fundamental human right (M. A., M. D., A. B). Education is a key factor that influences social and developmental outcomes in countries and communities, and because of this reducing education inequality is an extremely important sustainable development